{"id":582,"date":"2025-05-03T00:00:04","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T21:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diagnozabam.ro\/sfaturi\/?p=582"},"modified":"2025-05-03T00:00:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T21:00:04","slug":"fum-de-esapament-negru-alb-albastru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diagnozabam.ro\/sfaturi\/ro\/blog\/fum-de-esapament-negru-alb-albastru\/","title":{"rendered":"Fum de esapament negru, alb, albastru?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fum de esapament negru, alb, albastru?<\/h1>\n

O ma\u0219in\u0103 care a trecut de o anumit\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103 va fi predispus\u0103 unor probleme tehnice variate, de la \u00eenfundarea filtrului de particule sau defectarea turbinei, respectiv a supapei EGR, \u00een cazul celor cu motoare diesel, p\u00e2n\u0103 la b\u0103t\u0103i ale motorului \u0219i scurgeri de antigel \u00een baia de ulei, valabile pentru motoarele pe benzin\u0103. Acestea pot fi nu doar simptomele unei vechimi fire\u0219ti, ci \u0219i ale unei exploat\u0103ri necorespunz\u0103toare. Aten\u021bia la detalii te va ajuta s\u0103 descoperi la timp un automobil al c\u0103rui kilometraj nu respect\u0103 realitatea sau ale c\u0103rui piese sunt uzate \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 dispropor\u021bionat\u0103 \u00een raport cu aspectul general. Un indiciu important al problemelor de sub capot\u0103 este reprezentat de fumul evacuat prin \u021beava de e\u0219apament. \u00cen mod normal, acesta nu este vizibil, datorit\u0103 catalizatorului, respectiv filtrului de particule, elemente ce re\u021bin o mare parte a compu\u0219ilor toxici. Atunci c\u00e2nd monoxidul de carbon, oxizii de azot sau hidrocarburile nu mai sunt filtrate normal, culoarea fumului \u00ee\u021bi va putea da un indiciu important asupra defec\u021biunilor probabile.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce culori diagnostichezi motorul pe benzin\u0103<\/h2>\n

Trecute sunt vremurile \u00een care emisiile de CO2 erau vizibile la evacuarea pe toba de e\u0219apament a unui motor<\/a> pe benzin\u0103. Evolu\u021bia tot mai rapid\u0103 a standardelor de poluare a f\u0103cut posibil ca fumul ma\u0219inilor s\u0103 fie invizibil. Tocmai acesta este motivul pentru care momentul \u00een care fumul devine colorat ar trebui s\u0103 te alarmeze. \u00cen func\u021bie de nuan\u021b\u0103, po\u021bi avea un indiciu asupra pagubei la care va fi supus bugetul casei, din cauza ma\u0219inii.<\/p>\n

Fumul negru: <\/b>la prima vedere, fumul negru nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie un semnal de alarm\u0103. Acesta este degajat de calitatea variabil\u0103 a benzinei de la pomp\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de sta\u021bia de la care alimentezi. Alteori, \u00eenfundarea filtrului de aer<\/a>, din cauza prafului, poate fi una dintre cauze, al\u0103turi de acumularea reziduurilor la nivelul bujiilor. \u00cen cazuri ceva mai grave, te-ai putea confrunta cu disfunc\u021bii ale senzorilor de admisie sau ale regulatorului de presiune al benzinei.<\/p>\n

Fumul gri: <\/b>de regul\u0103, fumul gri nu apare foarte frecvent, dar atunci c\u00e2nd este vizibil, nu poate anun\u021ba nimic bun. Un senzor<\/a> defect<\/a>, \u00een general cel de temperatur\u0103, va cauza alterarea amestecului dintre combustibil \u0219i aer<\/a>, ceea ce va m\u0103ri artificial cantitatea de benzin\u0103 trimis\u0103 c\u0103tre camera de ardere.<\/p>\n

Fumul alb:<\/b> la fel ca fumul negru, \u0219i cel alb poate fi \u00eent\u00e2lnit relativ des, mai ales \u00een dimine\u021bile de iarn\u0103, \u00een care diferen\u021ba dintre temperatura exterioar\u0103 \u0219i cea a motorului poate duce la apari\u021bia vaporilor. C\u00e2nd fumul alb devine tot mai gros, te po\u021bi g\u00e2ndi la pompa de injec\u021bie sau la cea de carburant. Printre disfunc\u021biile ceva mai grave s-ar putea men\u021biona p\u0103trunderea apei sau a antigelului \u00een cilindri. \u00cen cazuri extreme, te-ai putea confrunta cu deteriorarea garniturii de chiulas\u0103<\/a> sau chiar cu fisurarea blocului motor<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Fumul albastru:<\/b> acesta este semnul cel mai clar c\u0103 situa\u021bia este albastr\u0103. Dincolo de jocurile de cuvinte, mai mult sau mai pu\u021bin inspirate, degajarea acestui fum este str\u00e2ns legat\u0103 de p\u0103trunderea uleiului \u00een camera de ardere. Proasta etan\u0219are a supapelor duce la \u00eenchiderea lor necorespunz\u0103toare, ceea ce permite uleiului s\u0103 contamineze aerul \u0219i combustibilul din cilindru.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ma\u0219ina ta degaj\u0103 fum de e\u0219apament negru, alb sau albastru, motorul are probleme pe care trebuie s\u0103 le identifici rapid. La fel ca semnalele de fum transmise de un \u0219ef de trib, gazele de evacuare ascund un mesaj important.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cele de mai jos, vei vedea care sunt defec\u021biunile ce s-ar putea afla \u00een spatele diferitelor culori pe care le poate avea fumul emis pe \u021beava de e\u0219apament.<\/p>\n

Ce culori po\u021bi observa la motorul diesel<\/h2>\n

Apari\u021bia filtrului de particule a prelungit considerabil cariera motorului diesel. Chiar dac\u0103 zilele sale sunt num\u0103rate, timp de mul\u021bi ani a putut s\u0103 se \u00eencadreze \u00een normele de poluare, datorit\u0103 reducerii cu p\u00e2n\u0103 la 95% a cantit\u0103\u021bii de particule nearse, de oxizi de azot \u0219i de cenu\u0219\u0103, care ar fi ajuns \u00een aerul respirat. La fel ca motorul pe benzin\u0103, nici cel pe motorin\u0103 nu ar trebui s\u0103 emit\u0103 fum vizibil. Atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 contrariul, cauzele probabile sunt cele de mai jos, \u00een func\u021bie de culoarea pe care o observi:<\/p>\n

Fumul negru: <\/b>acesta apare frecvent \u00een cazul ma\u0219inilor cu DPF, iar degajarea face parte din procesul normal de regenerare a filtrului. Atunci c\u00e2nd senzorii detecteaz\u0103 o \u00eenc\u0103rcare excesiv\u0103 a DPF-ului, este declan\u0219at\u0103 cre\u0219terea temperaturii din galeria de evacuare. Atunci c\u00e2nd acesta persist\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, fumul negru poate indica uzura injectoarelor sau probleme de func\u021bionare a turbinei.<\/p>\n

Fumul alb:<\/b> \u00een cazul motorului diesel, fumul alb indic\u0103 arderea incomplet\u0103 a combustibilului sau p\u0103trunderea lichidului de r\u0103cire \u00een motor<\/a>. De vin\u0103 ar putea fi dereglarea injectoarelor, care duce la un dezechilibru \u00eentre combustibil \u0219i aer<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Fumul albastru:<\/b> motorul diesel este recunoscut pentru faptul c\u0103 lucreaz\u0103 la temperaturi superioare. Acesta este fondul pe care poate surveni uzarea bujiilor incandescente, fenomen asupra c\u0103ruia fumul albastru te va pune \u00een gard\u0103 rapid. Tot acesta va fi semnalul c\u0103 segmen\u021bii pistonului sunt mult prea uza\u021bi sau c\u0103 ai probleme cu turbosuflanta.<\/p>\n

Care sunt posibilele solu\u021bii<\/h2>\n

La fel cum problemele motorului pot fi identificate dup\u0103 culoarea fumului emis de \u021beava de e\u0219apament, tot la fel vei proceda \u0219i cu posibilele remedieri ale disfunc\u021biilor. Desigur, vei apela de fiecare dat\u0103 la ajutorul unui specialist, dar exist\u0103 mici opera\u021biuni pe care le po\u021bi realiza \u00een garaj, cu un minimum de instrumentar. Iat\u0103 ce po\u021bi face, \u00een func\u021bie de culoarea fumului:<\/p>\n

Fum negru<\/a>: <\/b>folose\u0219te un manometru pentru a m\u0103sura presiunea din pompa sistemului de injec\u021bie;<\/p>\n

Fum alb<\/a>:<\/b> verific\u0103 garnitura<\/a> galeriei de admisie \u0219i garniturile cilindrilor, al\u0103turi de nivelul lichidului de r\u0103cire;<\/p>\n

Fum albastru<\/a>:<\/b> verific\u0103 supapele de etan\u0219are \u0219i starea bujiilor, dar \u0219i starea supapei PCV.<\/p>\n

Sfaturile de mai sus te vor ajuta s\u0103 identifici din timp problemele tehnice ale ma\u0219inii \u0219i s\u0103 scute\u0219ti sume de bani importante. Pentru a evita interven\u021bii mai complexe sau chiar deteriorarea definitiv\u0103 a motorului, ia \u00een serios semnalele de alarm\u0103 oferite de e\u0219apament. <\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O ma\u0219in\u0103 care a trecut de o anumit\u0103 v\u00e2rst\u0103 va fi predispus\u0103 unor probleme tehnice variate, de la \u00eenfundarea filtrului de particule sau defectarea turbinei, respectiv a supapei EGR, \u00een…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1933],"tags":[583,591,23,22,594,90,586,582,587,590,21,204,595,593,589,581,588,584,64,25,585,592,24,68],"class_list":["post-582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-auto","tag-alb","tag-albastru","tag-auto","tag-bam","tag-bataie","tag-benzina","tag-co2","tag-culoare","tag-culoarea","tag-culoarea-fumului","tag-diagnoza","tag-diesel","tag-dpf","tag-egr","tag-excesiv","tag-fum","tag-fumului","tag-gri","tag-motor","tag-neamt","tag-negru","tag-pcv","tag-roman","tag-turbina"],"yoast_head":"\nFum de esapament negru, alb, albastru? - Diagnoza BAM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fum de esapament negru, alb, albastru? 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